The Technical Case for Solar on Retired Coal Mines

Abandoned surface coal mines worldwide are emerging as prime candidates for large-scale solar energy development. According to research by Global Energy Monitor (GEM), more than 300 mines closed since 2020 and over 130 expected to close by 2030 could collectively host nearly 300 gigawatts (GW) of solar capacity. These sites, covering more than 5,800 square kilometers, represent a potential avenue for contributing to global renewable energy targets while repurposing otherwise degraded land.

The process of converting former mining land into solar farms typically involves stabilizing the surface, restoring soil conditions where necessary, and installing photovoltaic systems. Because most abandoned mines are located within 10 kilometers of power grid infrastructure, they require less investment in transmission. Additionally, these lands are often unsuitable for agriculture or residential use, with relatively low potential for land-use conflicts. Engineering feasibility studies confirm that such sites can support solar installations without significant subsurface risks.

In addition to energy production, these projects provide direct economic incentives for land restoration and job creation in regions that often suffer from post-mining unemployment. GEM estimates that transitioning these lands could create more than 250,000 permanent jobs and over 300,000 temporary ones. This approach may support solar deployment while enabling environmental remediation and regional economic activity.