Zhengzhou Metro opened
Zhengzhou Metro is a rapid transit rail network serving urban and suburban districts of Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan province. As of September 2023, the network has 8 operational lines, with a network length of 238.8 km (148.4 mi) and 151 stations. Opened on 28 December 2013, it is the first metro system in Henan province, and 18th in mainland China.
Nicholas Ambraseys died
Nicholas Ambraseys was a Greek engineering seismologist. He was emeritus professor of engineering seismology and senior research fellow at Imperial College London. For many years Ambraseys was considered the leading figure and an authority in earthquake engineering and seismology in Europe.
Shenzhen Metro opened
The Shenzhen Metro is the rapid transit system for the city of Shenzhen in Guangdong province, China. Extensions opened on 28 December 2022 put the network at 547.42 kilometres (340.15 miles) of trackage, operating on 16 lines with 369 stations. Shenzhen Metro is the 4th longest metro system in China and 4th longest in the world as of that date despite having only opened on 28 December 2004. By 2035 the network is planned to comprise 8 express and 24 non-express lines totaling 1,142 kilometres (710 miles) of trackage.
1989 Newcastle earthquake
The 1989 Newcastle earthquake was an intraplate earthquake that occurred in Newcastle, New South Wales The shock measured 5.6 on the Richter magnitude scale and was one of Australia's most serious natural disasters, killing 13 people and injuring more than 160. The damage bill has been estimated at A$4 billion (or $8.5 billion in 2018, adjusted for inflation), including an insured loss of about $1 billion (or $2.1 billion in 2018, adjusted for inflation). The effects were felt over an area of around 200,000 square kilometres (77,000 sq mi) in the state of New South Wales, with isolated reports of movement in areas up to 800 kilometres (500 mi) from Newcastle. Damage to buildings and facilities was reported over an area of 9,000 km2 (3,500 sq mi).
1908 Messina earthquake
The 1908 Messina earthquake occurred in in Sicily and Calabria, southern Italy with a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria were almost completely destroyed and between 75,000 and 82,000 people died. It was the most destructive earthquake ever to strike Europe.
893 Dvin earthquake
The 893 Dvin earthquake had a magnitude of approximately 6 and a maximum intensity of approximately IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It destroyed the city of Dvin in Armenia, causing approximately 30,000 casualties. The similarity of the Arabic name for Dvin, 'Dabil' to Ardabil in northwestern Iran, has caused confusion in written records, such that the 893 Ardabil earthquake appears in several catalogues, although it is generally regarded as a false event. It was also recorded as an event during the classical period of India in several early catalogues at an unspecified capital.
