Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge opened
The Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge is a bridge-tunnel complex across the south fork of the Yangtze River near the river mouth in Shanghai. The tunnel connects the Pudong District of Shanghai on the south bank of the river with Changxing Island, while the bridge connects Changxing Island with Chongming Island. In combination with the Chongqi Bridge, which connects Chongming Island to the north bank of the Yangtze, the bridge-tunnel complex forms the final crossing of the Yangtze before it empties into the East China Sea. The bridge and tunnel were built from 2005 to 2009 at a cost of 12.6 billion yuan (US$1.84 billion), their combined length is 25.5 km.
San Mateo-Hayward Bridge opened
The San Mateo-Hayward Bridge (commonly called the San Mateo Bridge) is a bridge crossing the American state of California's San Francisco Bay, linking the San Francisco Peninsula with the East Bay. It is the longest fixed-link bridge in California and the 25th longest in the world by length.
Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge opened
The Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge spans the St. Marys River between the United States and Canada connecting the twin cities of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The bridge is the tenth-busiest passenger crossing on the Canada-United States border, and the only land crossing for almost 700 miles (1125 km). This is a steel truss arch bridge with a suspended deck. There are two separate spans, a double arch span on the U.S. side and a single arch span on the Canadian side. The double arch spans cross the four U.S. Soo Locks. The single arch spans the single Canadian Lock. The total length of the bridge approaches 2.8 miles (4.5 km).
Mount Rushmore National Memorial was completed
The Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a national memorial centered on a colossal sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills near Keystone, South Dakota, United States. The sculpture, called Shrine of Democracy, features the 60-foot-tall (18 m) heads of four United States presidents: George Washington (1732-1799), Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) and Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865). Construction began in 1927 and the presidents' faces were completed between 1934 and 1939. After Gutzon Borglum died in March 1941, his son Lincoln took over as leader of the construction project. Each president was originally to be depicted from head to waist, but lack of funding forced construction to end on October 31, 1941.
1895 Charleston earthquake
The 1895 Charleston earthquake, also known as the Halloween earthquake, occurred near Charleston, Missouri. It had an estimated moment magnitude of 5.8-6.6 and evaluated Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The earthquake caused substantial property damage in the states of Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Alabama, Iowa, Kentucky, Indiana, and Tennessee. Shaking was widespread, being felt across 23 states and even in Canada. At least two people died and seven were injured.
