The Shard was completed
The Shard, also referred to as the Shard London Bridge and formerly London Bridge Tower, is a 72-storey skyscraper, designed by the Italian architect Renzo Piano, in Southwark, London, that forms part of The Shard Quarter development. Standing 309.6 metres (1,016 feet) high, The Shard is the tallest building in the United Kingdom, and the seventh-tallest building in Europe. It is also the second-tallest free-standing structure in the United Kingdom, after the concrete tower of the Emley Moor transmitting station.
Charles Cagniard de la Tour died
Charles Cagniard de la Tour was a French engineer and physicist. Charles Cagniard was born in Paris, and after attending the Ecole polytechnique became one of the ingenieurs geographiques. He examined the mechanism of voice-production, invented a blowing machine and contributed to acoustics by inventing an improved siren. He also studied yeast. In 1822, he discovered the critical point of a substance in his gun barrel experiments. Listening to discontinuities in the sound of a rolling flint ball in a sealed gun barrel filled with fluids at various temperatures, he observed the critical temperature. Above this temperature, the densities of the liquid and gas phases become equal and the distinction between them disappears, resulting in a single supercritical fluid phase.
William Rankine was born
William John Macquorn Rankine was a Scottish mechanical engineer who also contributed to civil engineering, physics and mathematics. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics, particularly focusing on its First Law. The Rankine Lectures, organised by the British Geotechnical Association, are named in recognition of the significant contributions Rankine made to: Forces in frame structures; Soil mechanics; most notably in lateral earth pressure theory and the stabilization of retaining walls. The Rankine method of earth pressure analysis is named after him.
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, often referred to as simply the Principia, is a book by Isaac Newton that expounds Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation. The Principia is written in Latin and comprises three volumes, and was first published on 5 July 1687. The Principia is considered one of the most important works in the history of science.
