- January 24, 2020 Elazığ-Sivrice Earthquake (Mw=6.8) Reconnaissance Study Report
- Kemal Önder Çetin ; Makbule Ilgaç ; Gizem Can ; Elife Çakır ; Berkan Söylemez ; Mesut Gör ; Ayşegül Askan Gündoğan ; Zeynep Gülerce ; Shaghayegh Karimzadeh ; Abdullah Altındal
- Year: 2020
- Earthquake Reconnaissance
- Keywords: Turkey ; Reconnaissance Report
- Summary
On January 24, 2020 20:55:11 (UTC), a moment magnitude Mw 6.8 (AFAD; Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency; www.afad.gov.tr) or 6.7 (USGS) earthquake occurred on the East Anatolian Fault zone, due to a NE-SW strike-slip fault rupture along the Sivrice-Pütürge Segment in Elazığ, Turkey. Within the confines of this report, the findings of geological, seismological and geotechnical and structural reconnaissance studies as well as preliminary field investigation studies are presented. In addition to geological and geotechnical evaluations in the course of reconnaissance studies, some typical lifeline and superstructure damage examples are also given. Independent engineering groups composed of earth scientists, geological, geophysical, and civil engineers have compiled and documented perishable data immediate upon Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake. For the purpose of honoring collaborative research studies among different disciplines and universities, it was decided to present the findings in a co-authored report. We believe that this report and others will encourage and reinforce further interdisciplinary studies and culture of collaborative research. PDF |
- Minimum Uplift Horizontal Acceleration of the Single-Nave Barrel Vault and the Rocking Frame
- Haris Alexakis ; Nicos Makris
- Book Title / Journal: International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories
- Year: 2018 , Volume: 4
- Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
- Keywords: stone arches ; buttresses ; articulated structures ; energy methods ; limit state analysis ; earthquake engineering
- Abstract
This paper examines and compares the minimum horizontal acceleration that is needed to initiate uplift of the single-nave barrel vault and of the rocking frame which are the two most common masonry structural systems used to bridge a span. The paper concludes that regardless of the direction of the rupture of the buttresses, the single-nave barrel vault uplifts with a seismic coefficient, ε, that is always smaller than the slenderness of the buttresses, s=b/h. In contrast, the rocking frame always uplifts with a seismic coefficient, ε=b/h, regardless of the mass of its prismatic epistyle; therefore, the rocking frame has a superior seismic performance than the single-nave barrel vault. PDF |
- Frequency Based Design of KDamper for Seismic Isolation of a Single Pier Concrete Bridge
- Evangelos Sapountzakis ; Panagiota Syrimi ; Ioannis Antoniadis
- Book Title / Journal: International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories
- Year: 2018 , Volume: 4
- Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
- Keywords: Seismic Isolation ; Negative Stiffness ; bridge ; Frequency Domain ; KDamper
- Abstract
Contemporary seismic isolation systems for bridge applications provide a) horizontal isolation from earthquake shaking effects, and b) energy dissipation mechanisms to reduce displacements. Throughout the years, many kinds of seismic isolation mechanisms have been developed, with those incorporating negative stiffness elements being the most promising ones. The negative stiffness behaviour is achieved through special mechanical designs involving conventional positive stiffness pre-stressed elastic mechanical elements, arranged in appropriate geometrical configurations. In this context, a novel passive vibration isolation and damping concept is introduced, the KDamper, whose main advantage is that no reduction in the overall stiffness of the system is required. In this paper, the application of the KDamper concept on a typical concrete bridge with conventional bearings, to mitigate seismic effects, is considered. The system’s design is based on frequency domain analysis of both the initial and the isolated bridge structure. Comparative results between the two systems confirm that the proposed device can provide a promising alternative to conventional techniques, offering numerous advantages, such as increased damping and simple technological implementations. PDF |
- Flooding Vulnerability Lessons Learned in Assessing the Effects of Flooding Caused by the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence
- Mark C. N. Taylor ; T. S. R. Fisher ; K. K. S. Ng ; M. Pennington
- Book Title / Journal: International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories
- Year: 2018 , Volume: 4
- Earthquake Reconnaissance ; Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
- Keywords: Flooding ; Earthquakes ; Flood modelling ; Insurance ; Canterbury Earthquake Sequence
- Abstract
The Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (2010 – 2011) caused significant damage and loss of life in Christchurch, New Zealand. The Earthquake Commission (EQC) is New Zealand’s public insurer for natural disaster damage. EQC determined that a new, claimable form of land damage had resulted due to the Increased Flooding Vulnerability (IFV) caused by the subsidence of the land changing the flood risk to residential properties. Tonkin & Taylor Ltd (T+T) on behalf of EQC had by early 2016 completed engineering assessments of over 11,000 residential properties in Canterbury. The purpose of the assessments was to understand and quantify the effects on residential properties of IFV caused by the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence. The completion of these assessments has involved over 75,000 man-hours and is the culmination of 5 years of data collection, policy and methodology development, legal and peer review. This paper examines some of the engineering challenges and how they were dealt with. It also considers what lessons could be learned if the process was to be repeated. PDF |
- Development of RApid REsponse (RARE) System for Motorway Bridges: Overview and Pilot Application to Attiki Odos Motorway
- Ioannis Anastasopoulos ; Panagiotis Anastasopoulos ; Lampros Sakellariadis ; Athanasios Agalianos ; Rallis Kourkoulis ; Fani Gelagoti ; George Gazetas
- Book Title / Journal: International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories
- Year: 2018 , Volume: 4
- Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering ; Risk & Reliability ; Earthquake Reconnaissance
- Keywords: Seismic vulnerability ; real-time damage assessment ; nonlinear analysis ; regression models
- Abstract
Safety of motorway users in case of a strong seismic event is directly related to the performance of infrastructure elements, especially motorway bridges. Preventive closure until post–seismic inspection may seem as the safest option, but will unavoidably lead to severe deterioration of serviceability, and will also obstruct the operations of rescue teams. On the other hand, allowing traffic on earthquake–damaged bridges without inspection may jeopardize the safety of users and rescue teams. Seismic retrofit is the obvious solution, but the associated costs can be quite substantial. An alternative strategy is to mitigate the indirect consequences of an earthquake, through timely development and implementation of a RApid REsponse (RARE) system. The scope of such a RARE system is to ensure the safety of motorway users, minimizing motorway network closure, and optimizing post-seismic recovery at the same time. The development of such a RARE system requires an effective means to estimate seismic damage in real time. This paper presents an overview of the RARE system and some first steps that were made regarding its pilot application in the Attiki Odos Motorway in Athens, Greece. PDF |
- Geotechnical Damage Caused by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, Japan
- Takashi Kiyota ; Takaaki Ikeda ; Kazuo Konagai ; Masataka Shiga
- Book Title / Journal: International Journal of Geoengineering Case Histories
- Year: 2017 , Volume: 4
- Earthquake Reconnaissance
- Keywords: 2016 Kumamoto earthquake ; damage survey ; Liquefaction ; Embankment ; Landslide ; volcanic soil
- Abstract
On the 16th of April 2016, the Kumamoto earthquake (Mw 7.0) hit the Central Kyushu Region, Japan, following a Mw 6.2 shock on the 14th of April. The earthquake sequences caused severe damage in Kumamoto Prefecture. This paper presents quick reconnaissance results focusing on geotechnical damage features, which were observed during field investigations immediately after, one, and two weeks after the main shock. The damage surveys were carried out in southern Kumamoto City, Mashiki Town, Aso Caldera area and their suburbs. In southern Kumamoto City, evidence of liquefaction was found at many locations, and some buildings and river levees suffered from significant settlement and deformation; damage to an embankment of Kyushu Highway also seemed to be the result of liquefaction. The majority of the damaged residential houses were found in Mashiki Town and its suburbs, which may be linked to intense earthquake motions associated with the seismic fault location. In Aso Caldera area, a number of moderate to large scale landslides and their significant impact to structures were observed. The greater part of landslide masses in Aso Caldera area was a mixture of volcanic ash, andsol, a highly porous dark-colored material comprising of volcanic ash mixed with organic matter, and pumice. These porous materials might have experienced significant strength reduction during the earthquake. PDF |
- State of the Art and Practice in the Assessment of Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction and Its Consequences (2016)
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- Year: 2016
- Soil Dynamics ; Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
- Keywords: Soil ; Liquefaction ; earthquake-induced ; NASEM
- Description
Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction (liquefaction) is a leading cause of earthquake damage worldwide. Liquefaction is often described in the literature as the phenomena of seismic generation of excess porewater pressures and consequent softening of granular soils. Many regions in the United States have been witness to liquefaction and its consequences, not just those in the west that people associate with earthquake hazards.
Assessment methods exist, but methods to assess the potential for liquefaction triggering are more mature than are those to predict liquefaction consequences, and the earthquake engineering community wrestles with the differences among the various assessment methods for both liquefaction triggering and consequences.
State of the Art and Practice in the Assessment of Earthquake-Induced Soil Liquefaction and Its Consequences evaluates these various methods, focusing on those developed within the past 20 years, and recommends strategies to minimize uncertainties in the short term and to develop improved methods to assess liquefaction and its consequences in the long term. This report represents a first attempt within the geotechnical earthquake engineering community to consider, in such a manner, the various methods to assess liquefaction consequences. PDF |
- Tunnel-Soil-structure Interaction Subjected to Blast Loads of Varying Intensities
- R. Shivashankar ; V.R. Sastry ; N. Rebello
- ICGE Colombo 2015
- Year: 2015
- Tunneling ; Soil Structure Interaction
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- Optimisation of the Piled Raft Foundation Design - A Case Study
- Welikala ; D.L.C.
- ICGE Colombo 2015
- Year: 2015
- Pile Foundations ; Soil Structure Interaction
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- Effects of Particle Size Distributions in the Response of Model Granular Materials in Multi-ring Shear
- B. Dareeju ; C. Gallage ; M. Dhanasekar ; T. Ishikawa
- ICGE Colombo 2015
- Year: 2015
- Site Response Analysis ; Structural Geology
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- A Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Bedrock Profile on the Seismic Wave Propagation Through Sri Lanka
- R.M.S. Dananjaya ; K.K. Wijesundara ; H.N. Seneviratne ; P.B.R. Dissanayake
- ICGE Colombo 2015
- Year: 2015
- Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering ; Numerical & Constitutive Modeling
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- New Performance‐Based Seismic Design Guidelines for High Consequence Dikes in South Western British Columbia, Canada
- U. Atukorala ; A. Thurairajah ; R. Holmes
- ICGE Colombo 2015
- Year: 2015
- Levees ; Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
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- Liquefaction Potential and Residual Deformation of Ground Behind a Wharf Pier with Minimal Damage Caused by the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake
- N. Sento ; W Yatagai ; A. Sanomine ; D. Yoshizawa
- ICGE Colombo 2015
- Year: 2015
- Liquefaction Engineering ; Earthquake Reconnaissance
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- Effects of Ageing on Liquefaction Resistance of Sand; Possible Fusion with Studies on History
- I. Towhata ; Y. Hamada ; T. Hayashida
- ICGE Colombo 2015
- Year: 2015
- Liquefaction Engineering
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- Design Challenges for Tall Building Foundations
- Poulos ; H.G.
- ICGE Colombo 2015
- Year: 2015
- Foundation Design / Construction ; Pile Foundations ; Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
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