These photos are from two tunnels constructed with two different techniques in the Circuit road of Immitos, in Athens, Greece. The photos below are from a tunnel constructed with the cut-and-cover method. Briefly, in this method, the ground material above the tunnel is excavated, the tunnel is constructed and then it is covered with some of the excavated material. These photos are from a different tunnel in the circuit road of Immitos, that is constructed with the NATM method. In the photo on the left you can see the reinforcement of the entrance of the tunnel. Temporary reinforcement is provided by shotcrete.
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