Remediation Technology

Bioremediation is a term that refers to a number of remediation technologies for treatment of both soil and groundwater using microorganisms (USEPA, 2012). Bioremediation is typically used to treat...

Soil remediation can be conducted in two ways: in-situ and ex-situ. Electrokinetic remediation can be performed as an in-situ remediation where the soil is not excavated for the purpose of decontami...

Stabilization and solidification (S/S) is a soil remediation process by which contaminants are rendered immobile through reactions with additives or processes. During this process, also called immo...

Soil washing is an ex-situ remediation technique that removes hazardous contaminants from soil by washing the soil with a liquid (often with a chemical additive), scrubbing the soil, and then separa...

Soil Vapor Extraction is a common remediation technology for treating soils in the vadose zone that are contaminated with volatile compounds. In general, soil vapor extraction (SVE) consists of a sc...

Thermal desorption is a remediation method used to clean contaminated soils. This method uses heat to vaporize the contaminants, and as such only works for volatile contaminants. These include mostl...

Vitrification is the transformation of a substance into a glass. This is usually achieved by heating to high temperature and rapid cooling. In geoenvironmental engineering, soil vitrification is a me...

Sometimes grouped under the more encompassing remediation technology of “bioremediation”, phytoremediation is the process of using vegetation to break down and/or remove environmental contaminants. W...

The definition of a Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) by the EPA is: “An emplacement of reactive media in the subsurface designed to intercept a contaminant plume, provide a flow path through the r...

Vertical barriers or “cutoff walls” are often used in geoenvironmental engineering to control the spread of contaminants. Cutoff walls in general can either be used to directly contain a contaminant...

The United States Army has estimated that over 1.2 million tons of soil across its various facilities is currently contaminated due to explosives [1]. This contamination can be found in a variety of...

In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) is the procedure in which a chemical oxidant is introduced into the site’s subsurface with the purpose of transforming groundwater or soil pollutants into safer spe...

The use of radioactive material, specifically uranium, for the source of nuclear weapons and power spurred the movement toward exploration and mining of uranium ore in the United States. The uranium...

    Landfilling is one of the traditional options considered to address “The Waste Problem,” dubbed for the continuous, largely anthropogenic, generation of waste (inclusive of industrial, residentia...

Fenton process is an advanced oxidation method used in the breakdown of organic and inorganic contaminants in landfill leachate. However, leachate composition in landfills varies significantly around...

Nuclear accidents are menacing manmade disasters that pose great dangers to people across very broad regions. Reactors are an area where these incidents tend to occur, with two very famous accidents...

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an extremely environmentally hazardous by-product of mining. Often from natural leaching of groundwater, excess precipitation, or flooding of a mine, water interacts with...

An oil spill is defined as the uncontrolled release of crude oil hydrocarbons into the environment (Ndimele et al. 2018). The magnitude of oil spills can range from a small amount of oil spilled dur...

Uncontrolled runoff from various sources can cause eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. High levels of nitrates and phosphates can be generated through both runoff and accumulation in soils from fe...

Thermal desorption refers to an environmental remediation technique in which contaminants such as organic compounds and metallic mercury in soil are volatilized and separated by heating. [1][2] Due...